What are pipe fittings used for?

Pipe fittings join pipe sections and change the direction, size or branching of a pipeline. They also allow lines to be closed off or disassembled for maintenance.

What are the main types of pipe fittings?

The main types are elbows, tees, crosses, reducers, couplings, unions, nipples, bushings, caps and plugs. Each serves a specific routing or connection purpose.

What is the difference between threaded, socket-weld and butt-weld fittings?

Threaded fittings screw onto threaded pipe without welding. Socket-weld fittings accept the pipe into a socket and are fillet welded. Butt-weld fittings are welded end-to-end and are common on larger and higher-rated lines.

How do I choose the right pipe fitting material?

Match the fitting material to the pipe material and the process fluid, and follow the project piping specification for pressure and temperature.

What is the difference between a coupling and a union?

A coupling permanently joins two pipes, while a union includes a nut that allows the joint to be separated without cutting or rotating the pipe.

What should a pipe fittings enquiry include?

A fitting schedule listing type, size, end connection, class or schedule, material, standard and quantity for each item, along with the delivery location.

Fasteners & Fittings

Pipe Fittings

Industrial fitting formats for joining, directing and adapting pipework to your system requirement.

Key attributes

Function: Join, turn, branch, reduce
Ends: Threaded, socket or butt weld
Range: Elbows, tees, couplings, more
Supply basis: Fitting schedule or drawing
Category: Fasteners & Fittings
Location: Mumbai, India

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Quick answer

What is a pipe fitting?

A pipe fitting is a component used to join pipe sections and to change the direction, size or branching of a pipeline. Common types include elbows, tees, reducers, couplings, unions, nipples, caps and plugs, each connected by thread, socket weld or butt weld.

Also known asPipe connectors · Elbows, tees and reducers · Threaded and socket-weld fittings

Key takeaways

Each fitting type does one job: turn, branch, reduce, join or close.
End connection must match the pipe and system design.
Size, schedule or class and material define the fitting.
A complete fitting schedule speeds up quotation.

How Pipe Fittings Work in Practice

Pipe fittings shape a piping system. Elbows change direction, tees create branches, reducers change size, couplings and unions join lengths, and caps or plugs close ends. Selecting the right type, end connection and rating keeps the line leak-tight and maintainable.

The fastest way to a reliable quotation is a fitting schedule: list each fitting type, size, end connection, class or schedule, material and quantity, and reference the piping specification that governs the project.

Common Pipe Fitting Types

Elbows & bends

Change the direction of flow, commonly at 90° or 45°.

Tees & crosses

Create equal or reducing branch connections.

Reducers & bushings

Change pipe size, concentric or eccentric.

Couplings, unions, caps & plugs

Join, allow disassembly or close the line end.

How to Choose the Right Pipe Fittings

End Connection

Threaded, socket-weld and butt-weld ends suit different sizes, pressures and installation methods.

Pressure Rating

Fittings must match or exceed the line rating; state class or schedule for each item.

Material Match

Fitting material should match the pipe and the fluid to avoid corrosion and weld issues.

Governing Standard

Reference the dimensional standard so fittings fit the existing pipework.

Pipe Fittings Specifications

Use this framework to prepare a complete enquiry. Values are confirmed against your drawing, application and required quantity.

Pipe Fittings specification framework
Parameter	Requirement basis
Fitting type	Elbow, tee, reducer, coupling, union, cap, etc.
Nominal size	Per fitting schedule
End connection	Threaded, socket weld or butt weld
Class / schedule	State pressure class or wall schedule
Thread form	For threaded ends, e.g. NPT or BSP
Material	As per piping specification
Standard reference	State the dimensional standard used
Finish & marking	As required

What to include in your enquiry

Fitting schedule with types and sizes
End connection and class/schedule
Material and standard reference
Quantities and delivery location

Where Pipe Fittings Are Used

Typical application areas. The intended task should always be disclosed so the product form and specification can be evaluated correctly.

Utility & service lines

Water, air and similar plant services

Process piping

Direction changes, branches and size transitions

Equipment hook-ups

Connecting pumps, valves and instruments

Maintenance & retrofits

Replacement fittings to existing standards

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Product features

Fitting type: Elbow, tee, reducer, coupling, union, cap, etc.
Nominal size: Per fitting schedule
End connection: Threaded, socket weld or butt weld
Class / schedule: State pressure class or wall schedule
Thread form: For threaded ends, e.g. NPT or BSP
Material: As per piping specification